Digital Marketing and Technical Jargons
Glossary
These terms are commonly used in the fields of digital marketing and technical development to optimize websites, enhance user experience, and secure online communications.

- C2CC2C, or Consumer-to-Consumer, is a type of business model where individuals can buy and sell products or services to each other, typically through an online marketplace or platform. This is in contrast to the more traditional business model, known as B2C (Business-to-Consumer), where a business sells products or services directly to consumers. Some examples of popular C2C platforms include eBay and Etsy.
- CCPAThe California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is a privacy law in the state of California, United States, that went into effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA applies to businesses that collect, process, or sell the personal information of California residents. It grants consumers the right to know what personal information is being collected about them, the right to request that their personal information be deleted, and the right to opt-out of the sale of their personal information. The CCPA also imposes certain obligations on businesses, such as the requirement to disclose to consumers what personal information they have collected, and to provide consumers with a mechanism to exercise their rights under the law. Businesses that fail to comply with the CCPA can be subject to fines and penalties. The CCPA is similar to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, and it is considered to be one of the most comprehensive privacy laws in the United States.
- ChatGPTChatGPT is a significant language model developed by OpenAI and funded mainly by Microsoft, trained on a vast corpus of text data to understand and generate natural language. It uses advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to process and interpret human language input, and can be used for a wide range of applications,, including customer service, chatbots, and language translation. ChatGPT is designed to generate human-like responses to user inputs. It can engage in conversations with users naturally and seamlessly, making it a powerful tool for digital marketing and other applications.
- CLSCLS, or Cumulative Layout Shift, is a metric used to measure the stability of a website's layout. It quantifies the amount of unexpected layout shifts that occur during the page load, with a higher score indicating a less stable layout. This is important because sudden shifts in layout can be disorienting and disruptive for users, which can lead to a poor user experience. In order to improve CLS, website developers can use techniques such as reserving space for elements that are likely to shift during page load, and adequately sizing and ordering elements so that they don't move around unexpectedly.
- Content Management System (CMS)A content management system (CMS) is a software application or set of tools that provides a centralized platform for creating, managing, and publishing digital content. A CMS typically includes features such as a WYSIWYG editor, version control, and the ability to manage and organize content using categories and tags. A CMS allows multiple users to contribute to and collaborate on a website and enables non-technical users to manage and publish content without needing to know HTML, CSS, or other programming languages.
- Content MarketingContent marketing refers to creating and sharing valuable, relevant, and engaging content to attract, retain, and ultimately convert a clearly defined audience into customers. Content marketing can take many forms, such as blog posts, infographics, videos, e-books, and more, and is typically used to build brand awareness, establish thought leadership, and drive engagement. Content marketing can also educate and inform potential customers about a product or service and build trust and credibility with the target audience.
- Conversion FunnelA conversion funnel is a visual representation of a customer's journey from being aware of a product or service to actually making a purchase. The funnel is typically divided into several stages
- Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)Conversion rate optimization (CRO) is improving the performance of a digital marketing campaign to increase the percentage of visitors who take a desired action, such as making a purchase, filling out a form, or downloading an app. CRO involves analyzing user behavior data and making campaign changes based on the insights gathered from this analysis.
- COPPAThe Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a federal law in the United States that went into effect in 2000. The law applies to websites and online services that are directed at children under the age of 13, or that have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information from children under the age of 13. COPPA requires that such websites and online services obtain parental consent before collecting, using, or disclosing personal information from children. The law defines personal information to include a wide range of information, including a child's name, address, email address, and other online contact information, as well as certain types of persistent identifiers that can be used to track a child's online activities. COPPA also requires that websites and online services that collect personal information from children provide parents with notice of their privacy practices, and it gives parents the right to review and delete their child's personal information. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is responsible for enforcing COPPA, and it has the authority to impose fines and other penalties on businesses that violate the law. The law has been updated several times since it was first enacted, and it is considered to be an important tool for protecting the privacy of children online.
- CopywritingCopywriting is the process of writing marketing and advertising materials, such as advertisements, brochures, and website content. The goal of copywriting is to persuade the reader or viewer to take a specific action, such as making a purchase, visiting a website, or contacting a business. Copywriting is an important skill in the field of marketing, as it is used to create effective and compelling marketing messages that are designed to engage and persuade the target audience. Copywriters use a variety of techniques, such as storytelling, persuasive language, and emotional appeals, to create engaging and effective copy that resonates with the target audience.
- CPACost per acquisition (CPA) is a pricing model used in some forms of digital marketing, where the advertiser pays for each conversion, or completed sale, that results from their advertising campaign. This means that the advertiser only pays when a user takes a specific action, such as making a purchase or signing up for a service, as a result of the advertising campaign. CPA differs from other pricing models, such as cost per click (CPC) or cost per impression (CPM), where the advertiser pays for each click on their ad or each time their ad is displayed, regardless of whether the user takes any further action. With CPA, the advertiser only pays when they get a desired result from their advertising campaign. CPA can be a useful pricing model for advertisers who are focused on generating conversions and revenue from their advertising campaigns, rather than just increasing traffic or brand awareness. It can also be a good option for advertisers who have a clearly defined and measurable goal for their campaign, such as a certain number of sales or sign-ups.
- CPCCPC stands for "cost per click." It is a pricing model used in online advertising, in which advertisers pay a fee each time one of their ads is clicked. This means that the advertiser only pays when a user takes a specific action, such as clicking on an ad or visiting their website. CPC is often used as a way to measure the effectiveness of an ad campaign, as well as to compare the relative value of different advertising options. It can be a cost-effective way for businesses to reach potential customers and drive traffic to their websites.
- CPLCost per lead (CPL) is a pricing model used in some forms of digital marketing, where the advertiser pays for each lead that is generated from their advertising campaign. A lead is a potential customer who has expressed interest in the advertiser's product or service, and has provided their contact information, such as an email address or phone number.
- CPMCPM stands for "cost per thousand impressions." It is a pricing model used in online advertising that is based on the number of times an ad is displayed, or "impressed," on a website or other platform. In the CPM model, advertisers pay a fixed amount for every thousand times their ad is shown to users. This means that the more impressions an ad receives, the more the advertiser will pay. CPM is often used as a way to measure the effectiveness of an ad campaign, as well as to compare the relative value of different advertising options.
- CRConversion rate is the percentage of visitors to a website or other online platform who take a desired action, such as making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, or filling out a form. Conversion rate is typically calculated by dividing the number of conversions (i.e., the number of people who took the desired action) by the total number of visitors to the site. For example, if a website has 100 visitors and 10 of them make a purchase, the conversion rate would be 10%. Conversion rate is an important metric for businesses that operate online, as it can provide insight into the effectiveness of their website or platform. A high conversion rate can indicate that a website is effective at converting visitors into customers, while a low conversion rate may indicate that there are opportunities for improvement. As a result, businesses often focus on optimizing their conversion rate in order to increase sales and revenue. This can involve A/B testing different versions of a website, improving the user experience, or offering promotions or incentives to encourage visitors to take the desired action.
- CRMCRM stands for customer relationship management. It is a term that refers to the practices, strategies, and technologies that companies use to manage and analyze customer interactions and data throughout the customer lifecycle, with the goal of improving business relationships with customers, helping to retain customers, and driving sales growth. CRM systems are used to store and organize customer information, such as contact details and purchase history, and to automate and manage customer interactions, such as marketing, sales, and support. By using CRM, companies can better understand their customers' needs and preferences, and provide them with personalized and consistent service across different channels.
- CROCRO stands for "conversion rate optimization." It is the process of improving the percentage of website visitors who take a desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a form. This is typically done through a combination of techniques, such as improving the website's design and user experience, as well as testing different versions of the website to see which ones are most effective at converting visitors. The goal of CRO is to increase the overall conversion rate of a website, which can help to drive more sales and improve the return on investment of the website.
- CSSCascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language, such as HTML. CSS controls the formatting and layout of a web page, including the colors, fonts, and other design elements. By separating the presentation of a web page from its content, CSS allows developers to create more flexible and adaptable web designs that can be easily updated and maintained. CSS can be applied to a web page using various methods, including inline styles, internal stylesheets, and external stylesheets. It is a fundamental building block of modern web design, and is widely used by web developers to create visually appealing and user-friendly websites.
- CTAA Call-To-Action (CTA) is a message or button that is designed to encourage a specific action from the viewer or reader. This action could be anything from visiting a website or making a purchase, to subscribing to a newsletter or downloading a mobile app. CTAs are commonly used in marketing and advertising to direct and motivate the audience to take a desired action. They are often used in combination with other forms of marketing content, such as advertisements, emails, and social media posts, to help drive traffic and conversions. Effective CTAs are typically clear, concise, and compelling, and are designed to appeal to the target audience.
- CTRCTR stands for "click-through rate." It is a metric used in online advertising to measure the effectiveness of an ad. It is calculated by dividing the number of times an ad is clicked by the number of times it is shown, expressed as a percentage. A high CTR indicates that the ad is well-targeted and relevant to the audience, and is therefore more likely to be effective at driving traffic to the advertiser's website. A low CTR, on the other hand, may indicate that the ad is not well-targeted or relevant, and may need to be improved in order to be more effective.
- CXCX is an abbreviation that stands for customer experience. In the business world, customer experience (CX) refers to the overall impression that a customer has of a company, product, or service. This includes all of the interactions that a customer has with a company, from the moment they first become aware of it, to the point at which they make a purchase and beyond. Companies that prioritize customer experience are focused on providing their customers with a positive and enjoyable experience at every stage of their journey, in order to build loyalty and drive long-term business success. To improve customer experience, companies may use a variety of tactics, such as improving their products or services, providing excellent customer service, and creating engaging and user-friendly websites or other digital interfaces.

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I am very pleased with Jenny’s web design work on my educational consulting business. First of all, her knowledge of the technicalities of web design
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I am very pleased with Jenny’s web design work on my educational consulting business. First of all, her knowledge of the technicalities of web design is vast and extremely valuable. She would make sure that the website is user-friendly and built in order to allow for future upgrades.
In addition, Jenny has a sharp sense of artistic design. The web design of my site is particularly suitable for my clientele where families who view the website feel invited and do not get lost while navigating through the site. Jenny would match up the appropriate pictures, colors, and size font to produce the feeling desired for my business.
Last but not least, Jenny is tremendously accommodating to the needs of her clients. She really listens to what I want for my website and ensures that my ideas are heard and materialized. Moreover, Jenny is super detail-oriented. Every word, every picture, and every page of the website is vetted by her personally. She literally holds my hand through the web design process.
I can’t emphasize how pleased I am with the way that my website turns out. I have received a lot of positive feedback regarding my website: professional, clean, easy to navigate, and welcoming.
I highly recommend Jenny and her team for your web design needs!
In addition, Jenny has a sharp sense of artistic design. The web design of my site is particularly suitable for my clientele where families who view the website feel invited and do not get lost while navigating through the site. Jenny would match up the appropriate pictures, colors, and size font to produce the feeling desired for my business.
Last but not least, Jenny is tremendously accommodating to the needs of her clients. She really listens to what I want for my website and ensures that my ideas are heard and materialized. Moreover, Jenny is super detail-oriented. Every word, every picture, and every page of the website is vetted by her personally. She literally holds my hand through the web design process.
I can’t emphasize how pleased I am with the way that my website turns out. I have received a lot of positive feedback regarding my website: professional, clean, easy to navigate, and welcoming.
I highly recommend Jenny and her team for your web design needs!
Read more “Elaine Lin Wang – Horizon Consulting, LLC, Educational Consulting Services”
Elaine Lin Wang
Horizon Consulting, LLC, Educational Consulting Services
Professionalism, Quality, Responsiveness, Value We hired WebSubstance to redesign our website, and we could not be more pleased with the result. Jenny was so helpful,
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Professionalism, Quality, Responsiveness, Value
We hired WebSubstance to redesign our website, and we could not be more pleased with the result. Jenny was so helpful, patient and knowledgeable as she guided us through the entire process, providing creative solutions to our unique business needs and answering all of our questions and concerns. We now have a simple, fresh, elegant website that is easy to maintain and update. Thank you Jenny!
We hired WebSubstance to redesign our website, and we could not be more pleased with the result. Jenny was so helpful, patient and knowledgeable as she guided us through the entire process, providing creative solutions to our unique business needs and answering all of our questions and concerns. We now have a simple, fresh, elegant website that is easy to maintain and update. Thank you Jenny!
Catharine M.
100 Bowls of Soup
In 2015, I started becoming suspicious that my current website service provider was not really optimizing my website or doing what needed to be done
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In 2015, I started becoming suspicious that my current website service provider was not really optimizing my website or doing what needed to be done to get us the proper exposure to new clients and, also, make our website stand out as unique and personable, which is key to the image I wanted our law firm to represent. To my good fortune, Jenny Le and I met each other at a business networking function and she agreed to help me first validate my suspicions at no cost and then come up with a plan to implement and turn things around for our firm. Immediately, when working with Jenny and her team, I noticed just how different I was treated by them as a client. I was not a big client for them, but they made me feel as if I were and took a lot of time to listen to my ideas and understand the image I wanted to present and what we needed to grow our law firm business. Since my new site went live, in the past year, my clients have commented how much they liked my website and that it was what drew many of them to come meet me to talk about their estate plan, probate or family law matter. I also love that Websubtance is a local, family-owned business and they are prompt to support me with each endeavor I may have to improve my site’s exposure, whether through adding a customized Korean page to my site or a handy testimonials widget, or writing a new and amazing blog.
You cannot go wrong — unless you decide to use someone other than Websubstance for your web design and hosting.
You cannot go wrong — unless you decide to use someone other than Websubstance for your web design and hosting.
Patricia E. Tichenor
NOVA Estate Lawyers
I’ve been working with Jenny since 2008. She has great ideas, great work ethic, fair pricing, and most of all she is always open to
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I’ve been working with Jenny since 2008. She has great ideas, great work ethic, fair pricing, and most of all she is always open to my inputs on all the work she does for me. She goes above and beyond to make sure the work she puts out is excellent and very innovative. Both her and Michael are very approachable and never take offense if I ask for changes on the design. I would highly recommend this team and I’m always available to be a reference for them.
Mary Taylor
Brush Strokes Salon
We have been working with WebSubstance for 15+ years! Jenny and her team ensured the vision we had for our website became a reality. In
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We have been working with WebSubstance for 15+ years! Jenny and her team ensured the vision we had for our website became a reality. In addition to our website, we have worked on various projects throughout the years. They are always extremely professional, quick to respond, easy to work with and continuously look for ways to keep our site up to date and “fresh”. Definitely top-notch service and design. I highly recommend them for all your marketing needs.
Lynn Campbell
Northern Virginia Pediatrics